Observed frequently along state routes in Boone and Kenton counties, forming dense, distinctively dark green and blackish-topped swaths along wet roadsides and shallow ditches. Probably appreciates the road salt. With both cauline and basal leaves, blades somewhat canaliculate.
Infestation seemingly currently limited to the small pond with with foot bridge spanning it
Mowed roadside edge of rich mesic forest. Most Polystichum plants here normal looking, a few with some creative rachis divisions.