1

With indigenous beech or tea-tree

10

1’

With exotic trees

2

2

Sweet, caramel-like odour, gill edge without droplets

H. sacchariolens

2’

Odour raphanoid, sometimes weakly sweet/aromatic, but not of caramel, or odour absent. Gills edge with or without droplets.

3

3

Fruitbodies with cortina, sometimes fugacious at stem apex, remnants often around cap edge. Gills edge without droplets. Section Hebeloma

H. meosphaeum

3’

Fruitbodies without cortina. Gills edge with or without droplets.

4

4

Spores strongly dextrinoid. Cheilocystidia lageniform/cylindrical. Gill edge without droplets. Section Velutipes

H. velutipes

4’

Spores dextrinoid or not. Cheilocystidia swollen at base and apex. Gill edge often Often with droplets. Section Denudata

5

5

Spores strongly dextrinoid, strongly ornamented, with a loosening epispore. With willows & poplars

H. rostratum

6

Dominant colour white/cream. Cheilocystidia with significantly swollen abrupt apex  (apex diam. > 1.6 middle diam.)

7

6’

Pileus colour uniformly tan or two-tone with pale perimeter and yellow/tan centre. Cheilocystidia not significantly and abruptly swollen at apex.

8

7

Spores >= 6.5um wide and > 10.8 um long

H. crustiliniforme

7

Spores < 6.5um wide and <= 10.8um long. Upland?

H. aanenii

8

Cap colour uniformly buff/tan

H. hiemale

8’

Cap colour two-tone

9

9

Cap with pale perimeter and brown centre

H. cavipes

9’

Cap with pale perimeter and yellow centre

H. pseudofragilipes

10

Fruitbodies large at maturity, with distinct ring and pinkish/violaceous brown spores. With tea-tree but also recorded under beech. (Species similar to Cortinarius australiensis with mustard spores).

H. victoriense

10’

Fruitbodies without ring

11

11

Stipe enlarged at base, pleurocystidia present, cheilocystidia sparse, spores 8.2-10 x 4.5-6um, associated with animal carcasses

H. aminophilum

11’

Not associated with animal carcasses, stipe enlarged at base or not, pleurocystidia absent, cheilocystidia abundant.

12

12

With beech. Stipe cylindrical. Pileus brown. Spores 9.5-11.5 x 6-7um

H. mediorufum

12’

With tea-tree. Stipe enlarged at base. Pileus paler cream/brown. Spores 8-10 x 5.5-6um

H. lacteocoffeatum